HONG KONG: The Asian Human Rights Commission has informed that at an award ceremony held at the Foreign Correspondent’s Club, Hong Kong, Mr. Muneer Malik accepted the Human Rights Defender Award on behalf of himself and his colleague, Mr. Aitaz Ahsan. Mr. John J. Clancey, the chairperson of the AHRC made the presentation speech on behalf of the AHRC and detailed the contribution of the lawyer’s movement of Pakistan to the cause of the rule of the law and the independence of the judiciary.

He highlighted the importance of this movement and the courageous role played by about 3,000 lawyers who faced detention and the 60 judges who were dismissed from their positions. He also highlighted the important role played by the leading lawyers such as the two gentlemen who were honoured on this occasion who lead a whole generation of younger lawyers that went into the streets to defend the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary.

We reproduce below the acceptance speech of Mr. Muneer Malik on behalf of himself and his colleague, Mr. Aitaz Ahsan. Mr. Jack Clancy, Chairperson of Asian Human Rights Commission, Mr. Basil Fernando, Executive Director, Asian Human Rights Commission, Mr. Baseer Naweed, ladies and gentlemen: Good evening. It is a great pleasure to be here today to accept the third Asian Human Rights Defender Award jointly presented to Barrister Aitzaz Ahsan and me. It is indeed extremely humbling to join in company of the two previous awardees, Mr. Michael Anthony Fernando and the late Somchai Neelaphaijit. The two distinguished awardees exemplified the struggle for basic freedoms in Sri Lanka and the accountability of the state for forced disappearances- issues that are at the core of the lawyers’ movement in Pakistan.

The level of judicial scrutiny of executive actions maintained in Pakistan might be considered unusual in some countries – for example, England – with a more traditional constitutional jurisprudence. But what is frequently forgotten that such judicial circumspection is the outcome of a long democratic history where governments themselves display a far greater sensitivity to the wishes of the own electorate.

On the other end of the spectrum, Indian courts – which operate in a legal and socio-economic framework closer to our own – have adopted an even more interventionist approach. Unfortunately in Pakistan the legislature had completely abdicated its role as a watch-dog over the executive and left the judiciary to shoulder the entire burden. In this scenario – where the parliament had become a rubber-stamp for all and any acts of a Chief of Army Staff – it is the view of the legal fraternity that enhanced levels of judicial scrutiny over executive actions was not only! desirable e but imperative. Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry was someone who understood this. He was very conscious of his responsibilities and his legacy.

On 9th March 2007 a General in uniform also wearing the hat of President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan launched a frontal assault on the judiciary by suspending and detaining the Chief Justice of Pakistan. Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry was summoned by General Musharraf and in the presence of 5 generals and the Prime Minister asked to submit his resignation or to face trumped up charges of misconduct. In reality he was being taken to task for having chosen the less travelled road of judicial activism challenging the conduct of the executive authorities of the state in diverse fields ranging from the privatization of state assets to favorites at throw-away prices and asking the state to account for forced disappearances.

The first aim of our struggle was to change existing beliefs that had enslaved the masses who had, independence notwithstanding, been indoctrinated with the false idea that there were two sets of rules, one for the powerful and one for the meek; they were taught to be subservient at the cost of liberty. We seek to convince the masses that the courts are not there only to adjudicate property disputes between rich landowners or the competing commercial interests of multinational corporations, but that a truly independent judiciary will allow the common man to realize his fundamental rights. That judges with security of tenure will be fearless enough to administer true justice- that such judges will protect them from the abusive exercise of power by the establishment In fact the existing system is a hangover of our colonial past and despite the departure of the British, the system of governance of and by a free-people was still wanting.

The local elites who had been the handmaidens of the colonial power quietly stepped into its shoes taking undue advantage of the illiteracy of the teeming millions and took upon itself the task of keeping the people in control and to protect the privileges of the ruling class to which they belonged. It was therefore incumbent upon us to educate the people that their fundamental rights could only be realized under an independent judiciary. That an independent judiciary meant that those who adorned the robes reserved for judges were all fearless and bold like the Chief Justice and that every judge throughout the land from the lowliest magistrate to the highest judge should be possessed of the courage to look the executive in the eye and say “No- this is unjust”.

Our second aim was to change the mindset of the judges, especially those who manned the superior judiciary. Regretfully, the chequered history of the judiciary was essentially one of subservience to those who controlled the coercive power of the state. It was not that the concept of tracheotomy of powers and the principle of separation of powers was alien to them but in their own minds they viewed themselves more as civil servants than as holders of constitutional posts charged with specific duties under the Constitution. It was this state of mind that led them to rely on the reviled doctrine of necessity in validating extra-constitutional take-overs. We needed to inculcate in them the belief that the effective exercise of their writ was directly proportional with their moral authority and the credibility that they enjoyed in the eyes of the masses and that their true duty was to provide access to justice and thereafter justice itself to the weaker sections of society- that they must be pro-people in their orientation and deed.

20th July 2007 was the first milestone in our journey. The Supreme Court for the first time in its history refused to affix its imprimatur on General Musharraf’s attempt to dismiss the Chief Justice who was restored to his office with full dignity and authority. But the General again struck back to shore up his tottering dictatorship. He imposed a state of Emergency and dismissed 60 independent judges of the superior courts including the Chief Justice and replaced them with handpicked judges ever willing to affix their seal to legitimize the General’s actions to undermine the rule of law. Thousands of lawyers were arrested and a reign of repression was let loose on the media and civil society. We added a new demand to our movement- the reinstatement of the judges unconstitutionally sacked by General Musharraf. The struggle continued to create space for the political parties to operate in and fortify the challenge to dictatorship.

On 18th February 2008 the nation voted in massive numbers of reject the authoritarian system of General Musharraf. We were beginning to think that the objectives that we had laid down for our movement were now well in sight. But alas this has not been the case. The entrenched establishment has managed to derail the struggle for its peaceful overthrow and embedded itself in to the upper echelons of the political leadership. The rule of law and an independent judiciary now seem to be distant goals of the lawyers’ movement but we are committed to sharpening our struggle to establish a society that rests on the foundation of justice for all without fear or favour.

I would be remiss if I failed to pay tribute to civil society across the frontiers of land for having supported us in our struggle. International public opinion has been an indispensible ally. You at the Asian Human Rights Commission have given us invaluable moral support that has given courage of the lawyers of Pakistan to carry forward their unremitting struggle for the establishing the supremacy of the rule of law and we are at a loss of words to befittingly say thank you. Thank you ladies and gentlemen and we look forward to working in tandem in our shared struggle for the realization of human rights.-SANA